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2.1 Izinto ezisetyenziswa gwenxa
Ulawulo lomgangatho wezinto eziluhlaza ezingenayo yinkqubo ebalulekileyo yokuqinisekisa ukuba izinto ziyahlangabezana nemigangatho ethile kwaye zifanelekile kwimveliso. La manyathelo alandelayo ngamanye esihlala siwathatha ukuqinisekisa umgangatho wezinto eziluhlaza ezingenayo:
2.1.1 Qinisekisa Ababoneleli - Kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa udumo lomthengisi kunye nokulandelela irekhodi ngaphambi kokuba uthenge izixhobo kuye. Jonga iziqinisekiso zabo, ingxelo yabathengi, kunye nembali yabo yokuhambisa izixhobo ezisemgangathweni.
2.1.2 Hlola ukupakisha – Ukupakisha kwezinto kufuneka kuhlolwe ukuba akukho zimpawu zomonakalo okanye ukuphazamiseka. Oku kungabandakanya ukupakisha okukrazukileyo okanye okonakeleyo, izitywino eziphukileyo, okanye iilebheli ezingekhoyo okanye ezingachanekanga.
2.1.3. Jonga iiNombolo zeCandelo - Qinisekisa ukuba iinombolo zecandelo ezikwiphakheji kunye neenxalenye ziyahambelana neenombolo zecandelo kwinkcazo yokwenziwa. Oku kuqinisekisa ukuba iinxalenye ezichanekileyo ziyafunyanwa.
2.1.4. Ukuhlolwa Okubonakalayo – Icandelo linokuhlolwa ngokubonakalayo ukuze kubonwe umonakalo obonakalayo, ukutshintsha kombala, okanye ukugqwala ukuqinisekisa ukuba alizange lonakale okanye livezwe kumswakama, uthuli, okanye ezinye izinto ezingcolisayo.
2.1.5. Iinxalenye zovavanyo - Iinxalenye zingavavanywa kusetyenziswa izixhobo ezikhethekileyo ezifana nee-multimeter ukuqinisekisa iimpawu zazo zombane kunye nokusebenza kwazo. Oku kungabandakanya ukumelana novavanyo, amandla kunye novavanyo lwe-voltage.
2.1.6. Ukuhlolwa kwamaxwebhu - Lonke uhlolo kufuneka lubhalwe phantsi, kuquka umhla, umhloli, kunye neziphumo zohlolo. Oku kunceda ukulandelela umgangatho wecandelo ngokuhamba kwexesha kunye nokuchonga naziphi na iingxaki ngababoneleli okanye iinxalenye ezithile.

2.2 Uvavanyo lweeMveliso eziGqityiweyo.
Ulawulo lomgangatho wovavanyo lwemveliso egqityiweyo lubandakanya ukuqinisekisa ukuba imveliso egqityiweyo iyahlangabezana nemigangatho ethile yomgangatho kwaye ikulungele ukusasazwa okanye ukusetyenziswa. Nazi ezinye iindlela zokuqinisekisa umgangatho wemveliso egqityiweyo:
2.2.1. Misela iMigangatho yoMgangatho—Imigangatho yeenkcukacha kufuneka imiselwe ngaphambi kokuba uvavanyo olugqityiweyo lwemveliso luqale. Oku kuquka ukucacisa iindlela zovavanyo, iinkqubo kunye neendlela zokwamkelwa.
2.2.2. Ukusampula - Ukusampula kubandakanya ukukhetha isampulu emele imveliso egqityiweyo ukuze ivavanywe. Ubungakanani besampulu kufuneka bube bukhulu ngokwezibalo kwaye busekelwe kubungakanani bebhetshi kunye nomngcipheko.
2.2.3. Uvavanyo - Uvavanyo lubandakanya ukuvavanya imveliso egqityiweyo ngokwemigangatho yomgangatho emiselweyo kusetyenziswa iindlela nezixhobo ezifanelekileyo. Oku kungabandakanya ukuhlolwa okubonakalayo, uvavanyo lokusebenza, uvavanyo lokusebenza kunye novavanyo lokhuseleko.
2.2.4. Uxwebhu lweZiphumo—Iziphumo zovavanyo ngalunye kufuneka zirekhodwe kunye nomhla, ixesha, kunye noonobumba bokuqala bomvavanyi. Iirekhodi mazibandakanye naluphi na uphambuko kwimigangatho yomgangatho emiselweyo, izizathu ezisisiseko kunye namanyathelo okulungisa athathiweyo.
2.2.5. Iziphumo zoHlalutyo—Iziphumo zovavanyo ziya kuhlalutywa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba imveliso egqityiweyo iyahlangabezana na neemfuno ezimiselweyo. Ukuba imveliso egqityiweyo ayihlangabezani nemigangatho yomgangatho, kufuneka yaliwe kwaye kuthathwe amanyathelo okulungisa.
2.2.6. Ukuthatha iNyathelo loLungiso - Nakuphi na ukuphambuka kwimigangatho yomgangatho emiselweyo kufuneka kuphandwe kwaye kuthathwe inyathelo lokulungisa ukuthintela ukusilela okufanayo kwixesha elizayo.
2.2. 7. Ulawulo loxwebhu - Zonke iziphumo zovavanyo, amanyathelo okulungisa, kunye notshintsho kwiinkcukacha ezimiselweyo kufuneka zirekhodwe kwiirekhodi ezifanelekileyo. Ngokulandela la manyathelo, imveliso egqityiweyo inokuvavanywa ngempumelelo ukuqinisekisa umgangatho, ukuthembeka kunye nokhuseleko lwemveliso ngaphambi kokuba isasazwe okanye isetyenziswe.

I-OEM (Umenzi weZixhobo zoqobo) kunye ne-ODM (Umenzi woYilo loqobo) ziimodeli ezimbini zoshishino ezisetyenziswa ekuvelisweni. Oku kulandelayo sisishwankathelo ngokubanzi senkqubo nganye:

3.1 Inkqubo ye-OEM:
3.1.1 Iinkcukacha kunye nokuqokelelwa kweeMfuno - Amaqabane e-OEM abonelela ngeenkcukacha kunye neemfuno zemveliso abafuna ukuyenza.
3.1.2Uyilo noPhuhliso – “uKeliyuan” uyila aze aphuhlise imveliso ngokweemfuno kunye neenkcukacha zeqabane le-OEM.
3.1.3 Uvavanyo lwePrototype kunye nokuVunywa - "iKeliyuan" ivelisa iprototype yemveliso yokuvavanywa nokuvunywa liqabane le-OEM.
3.1.4Imveliso kunye noLawulo loMgangatho–Emva kokuba iprototype ivunyiwe, i-“Keliyuan” iqala ukuvelisa kwaye isebenzise amanyathelo okulawula umgangatho ukuqinisekisa ukuba imveliso iyahlangabezana nemigangatho yeqabane le-OEM.
3.1.5Ukuhanjiswa kunye noLogistics–”uKeliyuan” uzisa imveliso egqityiweyo kwiqabane le-OEM ukuze isasazwe, ithengiswe kwaye ithengiswe.

3.2 Inkqubo ye-ODM:
3.2.1. Uphuhliso lwengcamango - Amaqabane e-ODM abonelela ngeengcamango okanye izimvo zeemveliso abafuna ukuziphuhlisa.
3.2.2. Uyilo noPhuhliso - "uKeliyuan" uyila aze aphuhlise imveliso ngokweengcamango kunye neenkcukacha zeqabane le-ODM.
3.2.3. Uvavanyo kunye nokuvunywa kweprototype - "iKeliyuan" ivelisa iprototype yemveliso yokuvavanywa kunye nokuvunywa liqabane le-ODM.
3.2.4. Ukwenziwa kunye noLawulo loMgangatho – Emva kokuba iprototype ivunyiwe, i-“Keliyuan” iqala ukuvelisa imveliso kwaye iphumeze amanyathelo okulawula umgangatho ukuqinisekisa ukuba iyahlangabezana nemigangatho yeqabane le-ODM. 5. Ukupakishwa kunye noLawulo - Umenzi upakisha aze athumele imveliso egqityiweyo kwiqabane le-ODM ukuze isasazwe, ithengiswe kwaye ithengiswe.