Funda ngokuhlaziywa komgangatho we-UL 1449 Surge Protective Devices (SPDs), ukongeza iimfuno zovavanyo kwiimveliso ezikwiindawo ezifumileyo, ikakhulu kusetyenziswa uvavanyo lobushushu obungaguqukiyo kunye nomswakama. Funda ukuba yintoni i-surge protector, kunye nokuba yintoni na indawo emanzi.
Izikhuseli zokugquma (iiSurge Protective Devices, ii-SPD) bezisoloko zithathwa njengezona zikhuselo zibalulekileyo kwizixhobo ze-elektroniki. Zinokuthintela ukuqokelelana kwamandla kunye nokuguquguquka kwamandla, ukuze izixhobo ezikhuselweyo zingonakaliswa kukuqhawuka kwamandla ngequbuliso. Isikhuseli sokugquma singaba sisixhobo esipheleleyo esiyilwe ngokwaso, okanye sinokwenziwa njengesixhobo kwaye sifakwe kwizixhobo zombane zenkqubo yamandla.
Njengoko kukhankanyiwe apha ngasentla, izikhuseli ze-surge zisetyenziswa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, kodwa zihlala zibaluleke kakhulu xa kufikwa kwimisebenzi yokhuseleko. Umgangatho we-UL 1449 yimfuneko eqhelekileyo abaqhelana nayo abaqeqeshi banamhlanje xa befaka izicelo zokufikelela kwimarike.
Ngenxa yobunzima obukhulayo bezixhobo ze-elektroniki kunye nokusetyenziswa kwazo kumashishini amaninzi, njengezibane zesitalato ze-LED, oololiwe, i-5G, ii-photovoltaics kunye nee-elektroniki zeemoto, ukusetyenziswa nophuhliso lwezixhobo zokukhusela ukusasazeka kwegesi kuyanda ngokukhawuleza, kwaye imigangatho yeshishini nayo kufuneka ihambelane namaxesha kwaye ihlale ihlaziywa.
Inkcazo yeNdalo eFumileyo
Nokuba yi-NFPA 70 ye-National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) okanye i-National Electrical Code® (NEC), "indawo efumileyo" ichazwe ngokucacileyo ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
Iindawo ezikhuselekileyo kwimozulu kwaye azichaphazeleki ngamanzi okanye ezinye izinto ezilulwelo kodwa zixhomekeke kumanqanaba aphakathi okufuma.
Ngokukodwa, iintente, iiveranda ezivulekileyo, kunye nezindlu ezingaphantsi komhlaba okanye iindawo zokugcina izinto ezifrijiweyo, njl.njl., ziindawo "eziphantsi komswakama ophakathi" kwikhowudi.
Xa isikhuseli sokunyuka (esifana ne-varistor) sifakwe kwimveliso yokugqibela, kusenokwenzeka ukuba imveliso yokugqibela ifakiwe okanye isetyenziswa kwindawo enomswakama oguquguqukayo, kwaye kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo ukuba kwindawo enomswakama onjalo, isikhuseli sokunyuka sinokuhlangabezana nemigangatho yokhuseleko kwindawo ngokubanzi.
Iimfuneko zoVavanyo lokuSebenza kweMveliso kwiindawo eziFumileyo
Imigangatho emininzi ifuna ngokucacileyo ukuba iimveliso kufuneka ziphumelele uthotho lovavanyo lokuthembeka ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza ngexesha lomjikelo wobomi bemveliso, njengobushushu obuphezulu kunye nokufuma okuphezulu, ukutshayiswa kobushushu, ukungcangcazela kunye nezinto zovavanyo lokuwa. Kwiimvavanyo ezibandakanya iindawo ezifumileyo ezilinganisiweyo, iimvavanyo zobushushu eziqhubekayo kunye nokufuma ziya kusetyenziswa njengovavanyo oluphambili, ngakumbi ubushushu obuyi-85°C/85% ukufuma (okwaziwa ngokuba “luvavanyo oluphindwe kabini lwe-85”) kunye nobushushu obuyi-40°C/93% Ukufuma Ukudibanisa kwezi seti zimbini zeeparameter.
Uvavanyo lobushushu kunye nokufuma oluhlala luhleli lujolise ekukhawuleziseni ubomi bemveliso ngeendlela zovavanyo. Lunokuvavanya kakuhle amandla okulwa nokwaluphala kwemveliso, kuquka nokuqwalasela ukuba imveliso ineempawu zobomi obude kunye nokulahleka okuncinci kwindawo ekhethekileyo.
Senze uphando lwemibuzo kushishino, kwaye iziphumo zibonisa ukuba inani elikhulu labavelisi bemveliso yesiphelo benza iimfuno zovavanyo lobushushu kunye nokufuma kwezixhobo zokukhusela ukunyuka kunye nezixhobo ezisetyenziswa ngaphakathi, kodwa umgangatho we-UL 1449 ngelo xesha wawungenawo umlinganiselo ohambelanayo. Ke ngoko, umenzi kufuneka enze iimvavanyo ezongezelelweyo emva kokufumana isatifikethi se-UL 1449; kwaye ukuba kufuneka ingxelo yesatifikethi somntu wesithathu, ukwenzeka kwenkqubo yokusebenza ekhankanyiweyo kuya kuncitshiswa. Ngaphezu koko, xa imveliso yesiphelo ifaka isicelo sesatifikethi se-UL, iya kujongana nemeko yokuba ingxelo yesatifikethi sezixhobo ezisetyenziswa ngaphakathi ezinoxinzelelo oluphantsi ayifakwanga kuvavanyo lwesicelo sendawo emanzi, kwaye kufuneka uvavanyo olongezelelweyo.
Siyaziqonda iimfuno zabathengi kwaye sizimisele ukunceda abathengi basombulule iingxaki abadibana nazo xa besebenza. I-UL iqalise isicwangciso sokuhlaziya esisemgangathweni se-1449.
Iimfuno zovavanyo ezifanayo zongezwa kumgangatho
Umgangatho we-UL 1449 usandula ukongeza iimfuno zovavanyo lweemveliso kwiindawo ezimanzi. Abavelisi banokukhetha ukongeza olu vavanyo lutsha kwityala lovavanyo ngelixa befaka isicelo sesatifikethi se-UL.
Njengoko kukhankanyiwe apha ngasentla, uvavanyo lokusetyenziswa kwendawo emanzi lusebenzisa uvavanyo lobushushu kunye nokufuma oluhlala luhleli. Oku kulandelayo kuchaza inkqubo yovavanyo ukuqinisekisa ukufaneleka kweVaristor (MOV)/Gas Discharge Tube (GDT) kwizicelo zendawo emanzi:
Iisampulu zovavanyo ziya kuqala zivavanywe ukuguga phantsi kweemeko zobushushu obuphezulu kunye nokufuma okuphezulu kangangeeyure ezili-1000, kwaye emva koko i-voltage ye-varistor ye-varistor okanye i-voltage yokuqhekeka kwetyhubhu yokukhupha igesi iya kuthelekiswa ukuqinisekisa ukuba izixhobo zokukhusela ukuvuza zinokuhlala ixesha elide. Kwimeko enomswakama, isagcina ukusebenza kwayo kokuqala kokukhusela.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Meyi-09-2023