INTSHAYELELO
Abantu bahambe indlela ende ukusuka ekufumanekeni kombane ukuya ekusetyenzisweni ngokubanzi “njengombane” kunye “namandla ombane”. Enye yezona zibalaseleyo “yimpikiswano yendlela” phakathi kwe-AC kunye ne-DC. Abalinganiswa abaphambili ziingcali ezimbini zanamhlanje, u-Edison kunye noTesla. Nangona kunjalo, okunomdla kukuba ngokwembono yabantu abatsha nabatsha kwinkulungwane yama-21, le “ngxoxo” ayiphumelelwanga okanye ayilahleki ngokupheleleyo.

Nangona okwangoku yonke into ukusuka kwimithombo yokuvelisa umbane ukuya kwiinkqubo zothutho lombane ngokusisiseko "yi-alternating current", i-direct current ikhona kuyo yonke indawo kwizixhobo zombane ezininzi nakwizixhobo zesiphelo. Ngokukodwa, isisombululo senkqubo yamandla "yendlu yonke ye-DC", esiye sathandwa ngumntu wonke kwiminyaka yakutshanje, sidibanisa itekhnoloji yobunjineli be-IoT kunye nobukrelekrele bokwenziwa ukubonelela ngesiqinisekiso esinamandla "sobomi bekhaya obukrelekrele". Landela iNethiwekhi yeNtloko yokuTshaja engezantsi ukuze ufunde ngakumbi malunga nokuba yintoni i-DC yendlu yonke.

INTSHAYELELO YENDLELA

I-Direct Current (DC) kuyo yonke indlu yinkqubo yombane esebenzisa amandla asebenza ngqo emakhaya nakwizakhiwo. Ingcamango "ye-DC yendlu yonke" yacetywayo kwimeko yokuba ukusilela kweenkqubo ze-AC zemveli kuye kwacaca ngakumbi kwaye ingcamango yokhuseleko oluphantsi lwekhabhoni kunye nokusingqongileyo iye yanikwa ingqalelo ngakumbi nangakumbi.

INKQUBO YE-AC YESINTU

Okwangoku, inkqubo yamandla eqhelekileyo ehlabathini yinkqubo yamandla atshintshanayo. Inkqubo yamandla atshintshanayo yinkqubo yokudlulisa amandla kunye nokusasazwa kwamandla esebenza ngokusekelwe kutshintsho kwindlela yamandla atshintsha ngayo olubangelwa kukunxibelelana kwamandla ombane kunye nemagnethi. Nazi iindlela eziphambili zokusebenza kwenkqubo ye-AC:

Ijenereyitha: Indawo yokuqala kwenkqubo yamandla yijenereyitha. Ijenereyitha sisixhobo esiguqula amandla oomatshini abe ngamandla ombane. Umgaqo osisiseko kukuvelisa amandla e-electromotive abangelwa kukunqumla iingcingo ezine-magnetic field ejikelezayo. Kwiinkqubo zamandla e-AC, iijenereyitha ezihambelanayo zihlala zisetyenziswa, kwaye ii-rotors zazo ziqhutywa ngamandla oomatshini (njengamanzi, igesi, umphunga, njl.njl.) ukuvelisa i-magnetic field ejikelezayo.

Utshintsho kwisizukulwana sangoku: Intsimi yemagnethi ejikelezayo kwijenereyitha ibangela utshintsho kumandla e-electromotive abangelwayo kwiikhontraktha zombane, ngaloo ndlela ivelisa umsinga otshintshanayo. Ireyithi yomsinga otshintshanayo idla ngokuba yi-50 Hz okanye i-60 Hz ngomzuzwana, kuxhomekeke kwimigangatho yenkqubo yamandla kwimimandla eyahlukeneyo.

Inyathelo le-transformer: Umbane otshintshanayo udlula kwii-transformers kwiintambo zothumelo lwamandla. I-transformer sisixhobo esisebenzisa umgaqo wokungeniswa kwe-electromagnetic ukutshintsha i-voltage yombane ngaphandle kokutshintsha i-frequency yayo. Kwinkqubo yothumelo lwamandla, umsinga otshintshanayo we-voltage ephezulu kulula ukuwudlulisa kumgama omde kuba unciphisa ukulahleka kwamandla okubangelwa kukumelana.

Ukuhanjiswa kunye nokusasazwa: Umsinga otshintshanayo we-voltage ephezulu udluliselwa kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo ngemigca yothumelo, uze usiwe phantsi ngee-transformers ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zokusetyenziswa ezahlukeneyo. Ezi nkqubo zothumelo nokusasazwa zivumela ukudluliselwa kunye nokusetyenziswa kakuhle kwamandla ombane phakathi kokusetyenziswa kunye neendawo ezahlukeneyo.

Ukusetyenziswa kwamandla e-AC: Kwicala lomsebenzisi wokugqibela, umbane we-AC unikezelwa emakhaya, kumashishini nakwizakhiwo zoshishino. Kwezi ndawo, umbane otshintshayo usetyenziselwa ukuqhuba izixhobo ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanya izibane, izifudumezi zombane, iimoto zombane, izixhobo ze-elektroniki, nokunye.

Ngokubanzi, iinkqubo zamandla e-AC zaba yinto eqhelekileyo ekupheleni kwenkulungwane edlulileyo ngenxa yeenzuzo ezininzi ezifana neenkqubo zamandla atshintshanayo ezizinzileyo nezilawulekayo kunye nokulahleka kwamandla okuphantsi kwimigca. Nangona kunjalo, ngokuqhubela phambili kwesayensi netekhnoloji, ingxaki yokulinganisela i-engile yamandla kwiinkqubo zamandla e-AC iye yaba nzima kakhulu. Uphuhliso lweenkqubo zamandla lukhokelele kuphuhliso olulandelelanayo lwezixhobo ezininzi zamandla ezifana nezilungisi (ukuguqula amandla e-AC abe ngamandla e-DC) kunye nee-inverters (ukuguqula amandla e-DC abe ngamandla e-AC). Itekhnoloji yokulawula yeevalvu zokuguqula nayo ingene kwinqanaba elicacileyo, kwaye isantya sokunqumla amandla e-DC asingaphantsi kweso see-AC circuit breakers.

Oku kwenza ukuba iingxaki ezininzi zenkqubo ye-DC zinyamalale kancinci kancinci, kwaye isiseko sobugcisa se-DC yendlu yonke siyasebenza.

EIngcamango enobuhlobo neyaseKhaya kwaye iphantsi kwekhabhoni

Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ngokuvela kweengxaki zemozulu kwihlabathi liphela, ingakumbi impembelelo yokufudumala komhlaba, imiba yokhuseleko lokusingqongileyo ifumene ingqwalasela engakumbi. Ekubeni i-DC yendlu yonke ihambelana ngcono neenkqubo zamandla ahlaziyekayo, ineengenelo ezibalaseleyo ekugcinweni kwamandla kunye nokunciphisa ukukhutshwa komoya. Ngoko ke ifumana ingqwalasela engakumbi.

Ukongeza, inkqubo ye-DC inokonga izinto ezininzi kunye nezixhobo ngenxa yesakhiwo sayo sesekethe "esithe ngqo", kwaye ikwahambelana kakhulu nengcamango "yekhabhoni ephantsi kwaye inobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo".

Ingcamango yobukrelekrele bendlu yonke

Isiseko sokusetyenziswa kwe-DC yendlu yonke kukusetyenziswa kunye nokukhuthaza ubukrelekrele bendlu yonke. Ngamanye amazwi, ukusetyenziswa kwangaphakathi kweenkqubo ze-DC ngokusisiseko kusekelwe kubukrelekrele, kwaye yindlela ebalulekileyo yokunika amandla "ubukrelekrele bendlu yonke".

I-Smart Home ibhekisa ekudibaniseni izixhobo ezahlukeneyo zasekhaya, izixhobo kunye neenkqubo ngokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obuphambili kunye neenkqubo ezikrelekrele ukuze kufezekiswe ulawulo oluphakathi, ukuzenzekela kunye nokubeka esweni okukude, ngaloo ndlela kuphuculwe ukulula, intuthuzelo kunye nokulula kobomi basekhaya. Ukhuseleko kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwamandla.

ISISISEKO

Imigaqo yokusetyenziswa kweenkqubo ezikrelekrele zendlu yonke ibandakanya iinkalo ezininzi ezibalulekileyo, kubandakanya iteknoloji ye-sensor, izixhobo ezikrelekrele, unxibelelwano lwenethiwekhi, ii-algorithms ezikrelekrele kunye neenkqubo zolawulo, ujongano lomsebenzisi, ukhuseleko kunye nokhuseleko lwabucala, kunye nohlaziyo lwesoftware kunye nokugcinwa kwayo. Ezi nkalo zixoxwa ngazo ngokweenkcukacha apha ngezantsi.

Itekhnoloji yeSensor

Isiseko senkqubo ehlakaniphileyo yendlu yonke ziintlobo ngeentlobo zeenzwa ezisetyenziselwa ukujonga imeko-bume yekhaya ngexesha langempela. Iinzwa zendalo ziquka ubushushu, ukufuma, ukukhanya, kunye neenzwa zomgangatho womoya ukuze zive imeko yangaphakathi. Iinzwa zentshukumo kunye neenzwa zemagnethi zomnyango kunye neefestile zisetyenziselwa ukubona intshukumo yomntu kunye nesimo somnyango kunye neefestile, zibonelela ngedatha esisiseko yokhuseleko kunye nokuzisebenzela. Iinzwa zentuthu kunye negesi zisetyenziselwa ukujonga imililo kunye neegesi eziyingozi ukuphucula ukhuseleko lwasekhaya.

Isixhobo esikrelekrele

Izixhobo ezahlukeneyo ezikrelekrele zenza undoqo wenkqubo ekrelekrele yendlu yonke. Ukukhanya okukrelekrele, izixhobo zasekhaya, izitshixo zocango, kunye neekhamera zonke zinemisebenzi enokulawulwa kude nge-intanethi. Ezi zixhobo ziqhagamshelwe kwinethiwekhi edibeneyo ngokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bonxibelelwano olungenazingcingo (njenge-Wi-Fi, i-Bluetooth, i-Zigbee), okuvumela abasebenzisi ukulawula nokujonga izixhobo zasekhaya nge-intanethi nangaliphi na ixesha naphi na.

Unxibelelwano ngefowuni

Izixhobo zenkqubo yobulumko yendlu yonke ziqhagamshelwe kwi-intanethi ukwenza inkqubo yobulumko. Itekhnoloji yonxibelelwano lwenethiwekhi iqinisekisa ukuba izixhobo zinokusebenza kunye ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka ngelixa zibonelela ngokulula kolawulo olukude. Ngeenkonzo zelifu, abasebenzisi banokufikelela kwiinkqubo zasekhaya bekude ukujonga nokulawula imeko yesixhobo bekude.

Ii-algorithms ezikrelekrele kunye neenkqubo zolawulo

Isebenzisa ubukrelekrele bokwenziwa kunye nee-algorithms zokufunda koomatshini, inkqubo ekrelekrele yendlu yonke inokuhlalutya ngobuchule kwaye icwangcise idatha eqokelelwe zizinzwa. Ezi algorithms zivumela inkqubo ukuba ifunde imikhwa yomsebenzisi, ilungise ngokuzenzekelayo imeko yokusebenza yesixhobo, kwaye ifezekise ukwenza izigqibo nokulawula ngobuchule. Ukuseta imisebenzi ecwangcisiweyo kunye neemeko zokuqala kwenza inkqubo ikwazi ukwenza imisebenzi ngokuzenzekelayo phantsi kweemeko ezithile kwaye iphucule inqanaba lokuzenzekelayo kwenkqubo.

Indawo yomsebenzisi

Ukuze abasebenzisi bakwazi ukusebenzisa inkqubo yobulumko yendlu yonke ngokulula ngakumbi, kubonelelwa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zokunxibelelana kwabasebenzisi, kuquka usetyenziso lweselula, iitablethi okanye ujongano lwekhompyutha. Ngale ndlela yokunxibelelana, abasebenzisi banokulawula kwaye bajonge izixhobo zasekhaya ngokulula kude. Ukongeza, ulawulo lwelizwi luvumela abasebenzisi ukulawula izixhobo ezikrelekrele ngemiyalelo yelizwi ngokusebenzisa usetyenziso lwabancedisi belizwi.

IINZUZO ZE-WHOLL-HOUSE DC

Kukho iingenelo ezininzi zokufaka iinkqubo ze-DC emakhaya, ezinokushwankathelwa ngeendlela ezintathu: ukusebenza kakuhle kokuhambisa amandla, ukuhlanganiswa okuphezulu kwamandla avuselelekayo, kunye nokuhambelana okuphezulu kwezixhobo.

UKUSEBENZA NGOKUSEBENZA

Okokuqala, kwiisekethe zangaphakathi, izixhobo zamandla ezisetyenziswa rhoqo zinevolthi ephantsi, kwaye amandla e-DC awadingi ukutshintshwa rhoqo kwevolthi. Ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kweetransformer kunokunciphisa ngempumelelo ukulahleka kwamandla.

Okwesibini, ukulahleka kweengcingo kunye neekhontraktha ngexesha lokudluliselwa kwamandla e-DC kuncinci kakhulu. Ngenxa yokuba ukulahleka kokumelana kwe-DC akutshintshi ngokwendlela yamandla akhoyo, kunokulawulwa kwaye kuncitshiswe ngempumelelo. Oku kwenza amandla e-DC abonise ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla kwiimeko ezithile, njengokudluliselwa kwamandla omgama omfutshane kunye neenkqubo zokubonelela ngombane zasekuhlaleni.

Okokugqibela, ngophuhliso lwetekhnoloji, kuye kwaziswa ezinye ii-converter ezintsha ze-elektroniki kunye neetekhnoloji zokuguqula amandla ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla kwiinkqubo ze-DC. Ii-converter ze-elektroniki ezisebenzayo zinokunciphisa ilahleko yokuguqulwa kwamandla kwaye ziphucule ngakumbi ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla ngokubanzi kwiinkqubo zamandla ze-DC.

UKUHLANGANISWA KWAMANDLA OKUHLAZIYWAYO

Kwinkqubo ekrelekrele yendlu yonke, amandla avuselelekayo nawo aya kungeniswa aze aguqulwe abe ngamandla ombane. Oku akunakusebenzisa nje kuphela ingcamango yokukhuselwa kokusingqongileyo, kodwa kukwasebenzisa ngokupheleleyo isakhiwo kunye nendawo yendlu ukuqinisekisa ukunikezelwa kwamandla. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, iinkqubo zeDC kulula ukuzidibanisa nemithombo yamandla avuselelekayo njengamandla elanga kunye namandla omoya.

UKUFANELEKISA KWESIXHOBO

Inkqubo yeDC ihambelana ngcono nezixhobo zombane zangaphakathi. Okwangoku, izixhobo ezininzi ezifana nezibane ze-LED, ii-air conditioner, njl.njl. ngokwazo ziyi-DC drives. Oku kuthetha ukuba iinkqubo zamandla zeDC kulula ukuzifezekisa ulawulo nolawulo olukrelekrele. Ngeteknoloji ye-elektroniki ephucukileyo, ukusebenza kwezixhobo zeDC kunokulawulwa ngokuchanekileyo kwaye ulawulo lwamandla olukrelekrele lunokufezekiswa.

IINDAWO ZOKUFAKA ISICELO

Iingenelo ezininzi zenkqubo ye-DC esandul’ ukukhankanywa zingabonakala ngokupheleleyo kwiindawo ezithile. Ezi ndawo ziyindawo yangaphakathi, yiyo loo nto i-DC yendlu yonke inokukhanya kwiindawo zangaphakathi zanamhlanje.

ISAKHIWO SOKUHLALA

Kwizakhiwo zokuhlala, iinkqubo ze-DC zendlu yonke zinokubonelela ngamandla asebenzayo kwiinkalo ezininzi zezixhobo zombane. Iinkqubo zokukhanyisa ziyindawo ebalulekileyo yokusetyenziswa. Iinkqubo zokukhanyisa ze-LED ezisebenza yi-DC zinokunciphisa ilahleko yokuguqulwa kwamandla kwaye ziphucule ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla.

Ukongeza, amandla e-DC angasetyenziselwa ukunika amandla izixhobo ze-elektroniki zasekhaya, ezifana neekhompyutha, iitshaja zefowuni eziphathwayo, njl. Ezi zixhobo ngokwazo zizixhobo ze-DC ezingenamanyathelo ongezelelweyo okuguqula amandla.

ISAKHIWO SORHWEBO

Iiofisi kunye nezakhiwo zorhwebo kwizakhiwo zorhwebo nazo zinokungenelwa kwiinkqubo zeDC zendlu yonke. Umbane weDC wezixhobo zeofisi kunye neenkqubo zokukhanyisa kunceda ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla kunye nokunciphisa inkunkuma yamandla.

Ezinye izixhobo zorhwebo, ingakumbi ezo zifuna umbane we-DC, nazo zinokusebenza kakuhle, ngaloo ndlela ziphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla kwezakhiwo zorhwebo.

ISICELO SEZIMIZI-MVELISO

Kwicandelo lemizi-mveliso, iinkqubo ze-DC zendlu yonke zingasetyenziswa kwizixhobo zomgca wemveliso nakwiindawo zokusebenzela zombane. Ezinye izixhobo zoshishino zisebenzisa umbane we-DC. Ukusebenzisa umbane we-DC kunokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla nokunciphisa inkunkuma yamandla. Oku kubonakala ngakumbi ekusebenziseni izixhobo zamandla kunye nezixhobo zokusebenzela.

IINKQUBO ZOKUGCINA NOKUTSHAJA IZITHUTHI ZOMZIMBA

Kwicandelo lezothutho, iinkqubo zamandla zeDC zingasetyenziselwa ukutshaja izithuthi zombane ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kokutshaja. Ukongeza, iinkqubo zeDC zendlu yonke zinokudibaniswa neenkqubo zokugcina amandla ebhetri ukubonelela amakhaya ngezisombululo zokugcina amandla ezifanelekileyo kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla.

UBUCHWEPHESHE BOLWAZI NONXIBELELWANO

Kwicandelo lobuchwepheshe bolwazi kunye nonxibelelwano, amaziko edatha kunye nezikhululo zonxibelelwano ziindawo ezifanelekileyo zokusetyenziswa kwiinkqubo zeDC zendlu yonke. Ekubeni izixhobo ezininzi kunye neeseva kwiziko ledatha zisebenzisa amandla eDC, iinkqubo zombane zeDC zinceda ukuphucula ukusebenza kweziko ledatha lonke. Ngokufanayo, izikhululo zonxibelelwano kunye nezixhobo zinokusebenzisa amandla eDC ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla kwenkqubo kunye nokunciphisa ukuxhomekeka kwiinkqubo zombane zemveli.

IZINTO ZENKQUBO YE-DC YENDLU EPHELELEYO

Ngoko ke yakhiwa njani inkqubo ye-DC yendlu yonke? Ngamafutshane, inkqubo ye-DC yendlu yonke inokwahlulwa ibe ngamacandelo amane: umthombo wokuvelisa umbane we-DC, inkqubo yokugcina umbane ophuma kwi-tributary, inkqubo yokusasazwa kombane we-DC, kunye nezixhobo zombane eziphuma kwi-tributary.

DC UMTHOMBO WAMANDLA

Kwinkqubo ye-DC, indawo yokuqala ngumthombo wamandla we-DC. Ngokungafaniyo nenkqubo ye-AC yendabuko, umthombo wamandla we-DC wendlu yonke ngokubanzi awuxhomekekanga ngokupheleleyo kwi-inverter ukuguqula amandla e-AC abe ngamandla e-DC, kodwa uya kukhetha amandla avuselelekayo angaphandle. Njengombane okuphela okanye ophambili.

Umzekelo, umaleko weepaneli zelanga uza kubekwa eludongeni lwangaphandle lwesakhiwo. Ukukhanya kuza kuguqulwa kube ngamandla e-DC ziipaneli, emva koko kugcinwe kwinkqubo yokusasazwa kwamandla e-DC, okanye kudluliselwe ngqo kwisicelo sezixhobo zesiphelo; kungafakwa nakudonga lwangaphandle lwesakhiwo okanye igumbi. Yakha i-wind turbine encinci phezulu kwaye uyiguqule ibe ngumbane othe ngqo. Amandla omoya kunye namandla elanga okwangoku zezona mithombo zamandla ze-DC ziphambili. Kusenokubakho ezinye kwixesha elizayo, kodwa zonke zifuna abaguquli ukuba baziguqule zibe ngamandla e-DC.

DC INKQUBO YOKUGCINA AMANDLA

Ngokubanzi, amandla e-DC aveliswa yimithombo yamandla e-DC akayi kudluliselwa ngqo kwizixhobo zesiphelo, kodwa aya kugcinwa kwinkqubo yokugcina amandla e-DC. Xa izixhobo zifuna umbane, umbane uya kukhutshwa kwinkqubo yokugcina amandla e-DC. Nika umbane ngaphakathi.

Inkqubo yokugcina amandla ye-DC ifana nedama lokugcina amanzi, elamkela amandla ombane aguqulweyo avela kumthombo wamandla we-DC kwaye iqhubeke nokuhambisa amandla ombane kwizixhobo zesiphelo. Kubalulekile ukukhankanya ukuba ekubeni uthumelo lwe-DC luphakathi komthombo wamandla we-DC kunye nenkqubo yokugcina amandla ye-DC, inokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwee-inverters kunye nezixhobo ezininzi, nto leyo enganciphisi nje kuphela iindleko zoyilo lwesekethe, kodwa ikwaphucula uzinzo lwenkqubo.

Ke ngoko, inkqubo yokugcina amandla ye-DC yendlu yonke ikufutshane nemodyuli yokutshaja ye-DC yezithuthi ezintsha zamandla kunenkqubo yendabuko "ye-DC coupled solar system".

Njengoko kubonisiwe kumfanekiso ongentla, "inkqubo yelanga edibeneyo yeDC" yendabuko kufuneka idlulisele umbane kwigridi yamandla, ngoko ke ineemodyuli ezongezelelweyo ze-solar inverter, ngelixa "inkqubo yelanga edibeneyo yeDC" ene-DC yendlu yonke ayifuni i-inverter kunye ne-booster. Ii-Transformers kunye nezinye izixhobo, ukusebenza kakuhle kunye namandla.

DC INKQUBO YOKUSASAZWA KWAMANDLA

Intliziyo yenkqubo ye-DC yendlu yonke yinkqubo yokusasazwa kwe-DC, edlala indima ebalulekileyo ekhayeni, kwisakhiwo okanye kwenye indawo. Le nkqubo inoxanduva lokusasaza umbane ukusuka kumthombo ukuya kwizixhobo ezahlukeneyo zesiphelo, ifezekisa ukunikezelwa kombane kuzo zonke iindawo zendlu.

ISIPHUMO

Ukusasazwa kwamandla: Inkqubo yokusasazwa kwamandla e-DC inoxanduva lokusasazwa kwamandla ombane avela kwimithombo yamandla (njengeephaneli zelanga, iinkqubo zokugcina amandla, njl.njl.) kwizixhobo ezahlukeneyo zombane ekhayeni, kubandakanya izibane, izixhobo, izixhobo ze-elektroniki, njl.njl.

Ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla: Ngokusasazwa kwamandla e-DC, ilahleko zokuguqulwa kwamandla zinokuncitshiswa, ngaloo ndlela kuphuculwe ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla kwenkqubo yonke. Ingakumbi xa idityaniswe nezixhobo ze-DC kunye nemithombo yamandla ahlaziyekayo, amandla ombane angasetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo.

Ixhasa Izixhobo zeDC: Esinye sezitshixo zenkqubo yeDC yendlu yonke kukuxhasa umbane wezixhobo zeDC, ukuthintela ukulahleka kwamandla okuguqula i-AC ibe yiDC.

UMTHETHO OYINTLOKO

Iphaneli yoSasazo lweDC: Iphaneli yoSasazo lweDC sisixhobo esiphambili esisasaza umbane ovela kwiiphaneli zelanga kunye neenkqubo zokugcina umbane ukuya kwiisekethe ezahlukeneyo kunye nezixhobo ekhaya. Ibandakanya izinto ezifana neziphuli zesekethe zeDC kunye neziqinisi zevolthi ukuqinisekisa usasazo oluzinzileyo noluthembekileyo lwamandla ombane.

Inkqubo yolawulo olukrelekrele: Ukuze kufezekiswe ulawulo olukrelekrele kunye nolawulo lwamandla, iinkqubo ze-DC zendlu yonke zihlala zixhotyiswe ngeenkqubo zolawulo olukrelekrele. Oku kungabandakanya iimpawu ezinje ngokubeka esweni amandla, ulawulo olukude kunye nokuseta imeko ngokuzenzekelayo ukuphucula ukusebenza kwenkqubo iyonke.

Ii-DC Outlets kunye neeSwitch: Ukuze zihambelane nezixhobo ze-DC, ii-outlets kunye neeswitch ekhayeni lakho kufuneka zenziwe ngoqhagamshelo lwe-DC. Ezi plagi kunye neeswitch zingasetyenziswa nezixhobo ezisebenza nge-DC ngelixa kuqinisekiswa ukhuseleko kunye nokulula kwazo.

DC IZIXHOBO ZOMBANE

Kukho izixhobo ezininzi zamandla ze-DC zangaphakathi kangangokuba akunakwenzeka ukuzidwelisa zonke apha, kodwa zinokuhlulwahlulwa kuphela. Ngaphambi koko, kufuneka siqale siqonde ukuba loluphi uhlobo lwezixhobo ezifuna amandla e-AC kunye nohlobo luni lwamandla e-DC. Ngokubanzi, izixhobo zombane ezinamandla aphezulu zifuna amandla aphezulu kwaye zixhotyiswe ngeemoto ezinomthwalo ophezulu. Ezi zixhobo zombane ziqhutywa yi-AC, njengeefriji, ii-air conditioner zakudala, oomatshini bokuhlamba, ii-range hood, njl.

Kukwakho nezinye izixhobo zombane ezingadingi ukuqhuba ngemoto enamandla aphezulu, kwaye iisekethe ezihlanganisiweyo ngokuchanekileyo zinokusebenza kuphela kwiivolthi eziphakathi neziphantsi, kwaye zisebenzise umbane we-DC, ofana noomabonwakude, iikhompyutha, kunye neerekhoda zeteyiphu.

Kakade ke, umahluko ongentla awuphelelanga kangako. Okwangoku, izixhobo ezininzi ezinamandla aphezulu zinokusebenza ngeDC. Umzekelo, kuye kwavela ii-air conditioner ze-DC eziguquguqukayo, zisebenzisa ii-DC motors ezineziphumo ezingcono zokuthula kunye nokonga amandla. Ngokubanzi, isitshixo sokuba izixhobo zombane ziyi-AC okanye i-DC sixhomekeke kwisakhiwo sangaphakathi sesixhobo.

PITYALA ELINOBUGQILA BE-WHOLL-HOUSE DC

Nazi ezinye iimeko ze-"whole-house DC" ezivela kwihlabathi liphela. Kunokufunyaniswa ukuba ezi meko zizisombululo ezisebenzisa ikhabhoni ephantsi kwaye zinobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo, nto leyo ebonisa ukuba amandla aphambili e-"whole-house DC" isengumbono wokhuseleko lokusingqongileyo, kwaye iinkqubo ze-DC ezikrelekrele zisenendlela ende ekufuneka ihanjwe.

Indlu yokukhupha ukungcola okungangxengwanga eSweden

Iprojekthi Yokwakha Amandla Amatsha eZhongguancun Demonstration Zone

Iprojekthi yoKwakha Amandla Amatsha yaseZhongguancun yiprojekthi yokubonisa ekhuthazwa nguRhulumente weSithili saseChaoyang eBeijing, eTshayina, ejolise ekukhuthazeni izakhiwo eziluhlaza kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla ahlaziyekayo. Kule projekthi, ezinye izakhiwo zamkela iinkqubo zeDC zendlu yonke, ezidityaniswe neephaneli zelanga kunye neenkqubo zokugcina amandla ukuze kufezekiswe ukunikezelwa kwamandla eDC. Olu mzamo lujolise ekunciphiseni impembelelo yokusingqongileyo yesakhiwo kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla ngokuhlanganisa amandla amatsha kunye nokunikezelwa kwamandla eDC.

Iprojekthi Yokuhlala Kwamandla Azinzileyo kwi-Dubai Expo 2020, e-UAE

Kwimiboniso yango-2020 eDubai, iiprojekthi ezininzi zibonise amakhaya asebenzisa amandla avuselelekayo kunye neenkqubo ze-DC zendlu yonke. Ezi projekthi zijolise ekuphuculeni ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla ngokusebenzisa izisombululo ezintsha zamandla.

Iprojekthi yovavanyo lweMicrogrid yaseJapan DC

EJapan, ezinye iiprojekthi zovavanyo lwe-microgrid ziqalile ukusebenzisa iinkqubo ze-DC zendlu yonke. Ezi nkqubo zisebenza ngamandla elanga nawomoya, ngelixa zisebenzisa amandla e-DC kwizixhobo nakwizixhobo ezingaphakathi ekhayeni.

Indlu ye-Energy Hub

Le projekthi, intsebenziswano phakathi kweYunivesithi yaseLondon South Bank kunye neLabhoratri yeSizwe yase-UK, ijolise ekudaleni ikhaya elingenawo amandla. Eli khaya lisebenzisa amandla e-DC, kunye neenkqubo ze-photovoltaic zelanga kunye nokugcinwa kwamandla, ukuze kusetyenziswe amandla ngokufanelekileyo.

RImibutho yoShishino lwe-ELEVANT

Ubuchwepheshe bobukrelekrele bendlu yonke sele buzisiwe kuwe ngaphambili. Enyanisweni, obu buchwepheshe buxhaswa yimibutho ethile yeshishini. I-Charging Head Network ibale imibutho efanelekileyo kushishino. Apha siza kukwazisa imibutho enxulumene ne-DC yendlu yonke.

Intlawulo 

I-FCA

I-FCA (i-Fast Charging Alliance), igama lesiTshayina yi-"Guangdong Terminal Fast Charging Industry Association". I-Guangdong Terminal Fast Charging Industry Association (ebizwa ngokuba yi-Terminal Fast Charging Industry Association) yasungulwa ngo-2021. Itekhnoloji yokutshaja ngokukhawuleza ye-terminal sisixhobo esiphambili esiqhuba ukusetyenziswa okukhulu kwesizukulwana esitsha seshishini lolwazi lwe-elektroniki (kubandakanya i-5G kunye nobukrelekrele bokwenziwa). Phantsi kwendlela yophuhliso lwehlabathi yokungathathi cala kwekhabhoni, ukutshaja ngokukhawuleza kwe-terminal kunceda ukunciphisa inkunkuma ye-elektroniki kunye nenkunkuma yamandla kunye nokufezekisa ukhuseleko oluluhlaza kokusingqongileyo. kunye nophuhliso oluzinzileyo lweshishini, okuzisa amava okutshaja akhuselekileyo nanokuthenjwa ngakumbi kumakhulu ezigidi zabathengi.

Ukuze kukhawuleziswe ukwenziwa kwemigangatho kunye nophuhliso lwemizi-mveliso yetekhnoloji yokutshaja ngokukhawuleza kwesiphelo, i-Academy of Information and Communications Technology, i-Huawei, i-OPPO, i-vivo, kunye ne-Xiaomi bakhokela ekuqaliseni umzamo odibeneyo nawo onke amaqela kuluhlu lwemizi-mveliso yokutshaja ngokukhawuleza kwesiphelo ezifana noomatshini abapheleleyo bangaphakathi, iitships, izixhobo, iitshaja, kunye nezixhobo. Amalungiselelo aza kuqala ekuqaleni kuka-2021. Ukusekwa kombutho kuya kunceda ekwakheni uluntu olunomdla kuluhlu lwemizi-mveliso, kudalwe isiseko semizi-mveliso soyilo lokutshaja ngokukhawuleza kwesiphelo, uphando kunye nophuhliso, ukuvelisa, ukuvavanya, kunye nokuqinisekiswa, kuqhutywe uphuhliso lwezinto eziphambili ze-elektroniki, iitships eziqhelekileyo eziphezulu, izixhobo eziphambili ezisisiseko kunye nezinye iinkalo, kwaye kulwelwe ukwakha ii-terminals ze-Kuaihong ezikumgangatho wehlabathi zibaluleke kakhulu.

I-FCA ikhuthaza kakhulu umgangatho we-UFCS. Igama elipheleleyo le-UFCS yi-Universal Fast Charging Specification, kwaye igama layo lesiTshayina yi-Fusion Fast Charging Standard. Sisizukulwana esitsha sokutshaja okukhawulezileyo okudibeneyo okukhokelwa yi-Academy of Information and Communications Technology, i-Huawei, i-OPPO, i-vivo, i-Xiaomi, kunye nemizamo edibeneyo yeenkampani ezininzi ze-terminal, ii-chip kunye namaqabane oshishino afana ne-Silicon Power, i-Rockchip, i-Lihui Technology, kunye ne-Angbao Electronics. Isivumelwano sijolise ekuqulunqeni imigangatho yokutshaja okukhawulezileyo edibeneyo kwii-terminals eziphathwayo, ukusombulula ingxaki yokungahambelani kokutshaja okukhawulezileyo kunye, kunye nokudala indawo yokutshaja ekhawulezileyo, ekhuselekileyo nehambelanayo kubasebenzisi bokugqibela.

Okwangoku, i-UFCS ibambe ingqungquthela yesibini yovavanyo lwe-UFCS, apho kugqitywe khona "Uvavanyo lwangaphambi koVavanyo loMsebenzi wokuThotyelwa kweShishini laMalungu" kunye "noVavanyo loKuhambelana koMvelisi weTerminal". Ngovavanyo kunye nokutshintshiselana ngesishwankathelo, sidibanisa ithiyori kunye nokusebenza ngaxeshanye, sijolise ekuphuleni imeko yokungahambelani kokutshaja ngokukhawuleza, sikhuthaze uphuhliso olusempilweni lokutshaja ngokukhawuleza kwesiphelo, kwaye sisebenze nabathengisi abaninzi abakumgangatho ophezulu kunye nababoneleli beenkonzo kuluhlu lweshishini ukukhuthaza kunye imigangatho yetekhnoloji yokutshaja ngokukhawuleza. Inkqubela phambili yophuhliso lwemizi-mveliso ye-UFCS.

I-USB-IF

Ngo-1994, umbutho wezizwe ngezizwe oqalwe yi-Intel kunye neMicrosoft, obizwa ngokuba yi-“USB-IF” (igama elipheleleyo: iForam ye-USB Implementers), yinkampani engenzi nzuzo eyasekwa liqela leenkampani ezaphuhlisa iinkcukacha ze-Universal Serial Bus. I-USB-IF yasekwa ukubonelela ngenkxaso kunye neforam yophuhliso kunye nokwamkelwa kwetekhnoloji ye-Universal Serial Bus. Le foram ikhuthaza uphuhliso lwezixhobo ze-USB ezihambelanayo (izixhobo) ezisemgangathweni ophezulu kwaye ikhuthaza iingenelo ze-USB kunye nomgangatho weemveliso ezidlulayo kubungqina bokuthobela imithetho.ng.

Itekhnoloji eyasungulwa yi-USB-IF USB okwangoku ineenguqulelo ezininzi zeenkcukacha zobugcisa. Inguqulelo yamva nje yeenkcukacha zobugcisa yi-USB4 2.0. Isantya esiphezulu sale migangatho yobugcisa sinyusiwe saya kwi-80Gbps. Yamkela uyilo olutsha lwedatha, umgangatho wokutshaja ngokukhawuleza we-USB PD, i-USB Type-C Interface kunye nemigangatho yekhebula nayo iya kuhlaziywa ngaxeshanye.

I-WPC

Igama elipheleleyo le-WPC yiWireless Power Consortium, kwaye igama layo lesiTshayina yi-“Wireless Power Consortium”. Yasekwa ngoDisemba 17, 2008. Ngumbutho wokuqala emhlabeni wonke wokumisela iteknoloji yokutshaja ngaphandle kwentambo. Ukusukela ngoMeyi 2023, i-WPC inamalungu angama-315 iyonke. Amalungu e-Alliance asebenzisana ngenjongo efanayo: ukufezekisa ukuhambelana ngokupheleleyo kwazo zonke iitshaja ezingenantambo kunye nemithombo yamandla engenantambo kwihlabathi liphela. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, baye baqulunqa iinkcukacha ezininzi zobuchwepheshe bokutshaja ngaphandle kwentambo ngokukhawuleza.

Njengoko iteknoloji yokutshaja ngaphandle kwentambo iqhubeka nokukhula, ububanzi besicelo sayo buye banda ukusuka kwizixhobo eziphathwa ngesandla zabathengi ukuya kwiindawo ezininzi ezintsha, ezifana neelaptops, iitablets, iidrones, iirobhothi, i-intanethi yezithuthi, kunye neekhitshi ezingenazingcingo ezikrelekrele. I-WPC iphuhlise kwaye igcine uthotho lwemigangatho yezicelo ezahlukeneyo zokutshaja ngaphandle kwentambo, kuquka:

Umgangatho we-Qi kwiifowuni eziphathwayo kunye nezinye izixhobo eziphathwayo.

Umgangatho wekhitshi ongenazingcingo we-Ki, wezixhobo zasekhitshini, uxhasa amandla okutshaja ukuya kuthi ga kwi-2200W.

Umgangatho weSithuthi soMbane esiKhaphukhaphu (i-LEV) wenza kube lula, kukhuseleke, kube krelekrele kwaye kube lula ngakumbi ukutshaja ngaphandle kwentambo izithuthi zombane ezikhaphukhaphu ezifana neebhayisekile ze-elektroniki kunye nee-scooter ekhaya nasendleleni.

Umgangatho wokutshaja ngaphandle kwentambo kwimizi-mveliso ukuze kudluliselwe umbane ongenantambo ngokukhuselekileyo nangokulula kwiirobhothi zokutshaja, ii-AGV, iidrone kunye nezinye izixhobo zokwenza izinto ngokuzenzekelayo kwimizi-mveliso.

Ngoku kukho iimveliso zokutshaja ezingenazingcingo eziqinisekiswe yi-Qi ezingaphezulu kwama-9,000 kwimarike. I-WPC iqinisekisa ukhuseleko, ukusebenzisana kunye nokufaneleka kweemveliso ngenethiwekhi yayo yeelabhoratri zovavanyo ezizimeleyo ezigunyazisiweyo kwihlabathi liphela.

UNXIBELELWANO

I-CSA

I-Connectivity Standards Alliance (CSA) yintlangano ephuhlisa, iqinisekisa kwaye ikhuthaza imigangatho ye-smart home Matter. I-Zigbee Alliance eyasungulwa ngo-2002. Ngo-Okthobha ka-2022, inani lamalungu enkampani yomanyano liza kufikelela ngaphezulu kwama-200.

I-CSA ibonelela ngemigangatho, izixhobo kunye neziqinisekiso kubasunguli be-IoT ukwenza i-Intanethi yezinto ifikeleleke ngakumbi, ikhuselekile kwaye isebenziseke1. Lo mbutho uzinikele ekuchazeni nasekunyuseni ulwazi lweshishini kunye nophuhliso ngokubanzi lweendlela ezilungileyo zokhuseleko kwi-cloud computing kunye neetekhnoloji zedijithali zesizukulwana esilandelayo. I-CSA-IoT idibanisa iinkampani eziphambili zehlabathi ukudala nokukhuthaza imigangatho evulekileyo efana neMatter, Zigbee, IP, njl.njl., kunye nemigangatho kwiindawo ezifana nokhuseleko lwemveliso, ubumfihlo bedatha, ulawulo lokufikelela olukrelekrele kunye nokunye.

I-Zigbee ngumgangatho woqhagamshelo lwe-IoT owasungulwa yi-CSA Alliance. Yiprotokholi yonxibelelwano olungenazingcingo eyenzelwe usetyenziso lwe-Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) kunye ne-Internet of Things (IoT). Yamkela umgangatho we-IEEE 802.15.4, isebenza kwibhendi yefrikhwensi ye-2.4 GHz, kwaye igxile ekusebenziseni amandla aphantsi, ubunzima obuphantsi kunye nonxibelelwano olufutshane. Ikhuthazwa yi-CSA Alliance, le protokholi isetyenziswa kakhulu kumakhaya akrelekrele, oomatshini abasebenza kwimizi-mveliso, ukhathalelo lwempilo kunye neminye imimandla.

Enye yeenjongo zoyilo lukaZigbee kukuxhasa unxibelelwano oluthembekileyo phakathi kwezixhobo ezininzi ngelixa kugcinwa amanqanaba okusetyenziswa kwamandla aphantsi. Ifanelekile kwizixhobo ezifuna ukusebenza ixesha elide kwaye zixhomekeke kumandla ebhetri, njengee-sensor nodes. Le protocol inee-topologies ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanya inkwenkwezi, i-mesh kunye nomthi weqela, okwenza ukuba ikwazi ukulungelelaniswa neenethiwekhi zobukhulu obahlukeneyo kunye neemfuno.

Izixhobo zeZigbee zinokwenza ngokuzenzekelayo iinethiwekhi ezizilungiselela ngokwazo, ziguquguquka kwaye zilungelelaniswe, kwaye zinokuzivumelanisa ngokuguquguqukayo notshintsho kwi-topology yenethiwekhi, njengokongeza okanye ukususa izixhobo. Oku kwenza kube lula ukuzisebenzisa nokuzigcina kwizicelo ezisebenzayo. Ngokubanzi, iZigbee, njengeprotokholi yonxibelelwano engenazingcingo evulekileyo, ibonelela ngesisombululo esithembekileyo sokudibanisa nokulawula izixhobo ezahlukeneyo ze-IoT.

I-Bluetooth SIG

Ngo-1996, i-Ericsson, iNokia, iToshiba, i-IBM kunye ne-Intel baceba ukuseka umbutho wezoshishino. Lo mbutho wawuyi-"Bluetooth Technology Alliance", ebizwa ngokuba yi-"Bluetooth SIG". Baye baphuhlisa iteknoloji yonxibelelwano olungenazingcingo olufutshane. Iqela lophuhliso lalinethemba lokuba le teknoloji yonxibelelwano olungenazingcingo inokulungelelanisa kwaye ihlanganise umsebenzi kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zoshishino ezifana neBluetooth King. Ke ngoko, le teknoloji yabizwa ngokuba yiBluetooth.

I-Bluetooth (iteknoloji yeBluetooth) ngumgangatho wonxibelelwano olungenazingcingo olufutshane, olusebenzisa amandla aphantsi, olufanelekela uqhagamshelo lwezixhobo ezahlukeneyo kunye nokudluliselwa kwedatha, kunye nokudityaniswa okulula, uqhagamshelo lwamanqaku amaninzi kunye neempawu zokhuseleko ezisisiseko.

I-Bluetooth (iteknoloji yeBluetooth) inokubonelela ngonxibelelwano olungenazingcingo kwizixhobo ezisekhaya kwaye yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yeteknoloji yonxibelelwano olungenazingcingo.

UMBUTHO WE-SPARKLINK

Ngomhla wama-22 kuSeptemba, ngo-2020, iSparklink Association yasekwa ngokusesikweni. I-Spark Alliance yimanyano yezoshishino ezinikele kwihlabathi liphela. Injongo yayo kukukhuthaza ukuveliswa kwezinto ezintsha kunye ne-ecology yemizi-mveliso yesizukulwana esitsha setekhnoloji yonxibelelwano engenazingcingo iSparkLink, kunye nokwenza uphuhliso olukhawulezileyo lwezicelo ezintsha ezifana neemoto ezikrelekrele, amakhaya akrelekrele, ii-terminals ezikrelekrele kunye nokuveliswa okukrelekrele, kunye nokuhlangabezana neemfuno zeemfuno zokusebenza okugqithisileyo. Okwangoku, intlangano inamalungu angaphezu kwe-140.

Itekhnoloji yonxibelelwano engenazingcingo ekhuthazwa yiSparklink Association ibizwa ngokuba yiSparkLink, kwaye igama layo lesiTshayina yiStar Flash. Iimpawu zobugcisa kukubambezeleka okuphantsi kakhulu kunye nokuthembeka okuphezulu kakhulu. Ixhomekeke kwisakhiwo sefreyimu esifutshane kakhulu, iPolar codec kunye nendlela yokudlulisa i-HARQ. I-SparkLink inokufikelela kwi-latency ye-20.833 microseconds kunye nokuthembeka kwe-99.999%.

WI-FUMBUTHO WOMBUTHO

I-Wi-Fi Alliance yintlangano yamazwe ngamazwe equlunqwe ziinkampani ezininzi zobuchwepheshe ezizimisele ukukhuthaza nokukhuthaza uphuhliso, ubuchule kunye nokulungiswa kweteknoloji yenethiwekhi engenazingcingo. Le ntlangano yasekwa ngo-1999. Injongo yayo ephambili kukuqinisekisa ukuba izixhobo ze-Wi-Fi eziveliswa ngabavelisi abahlukeneyo ziyahambelana, ngaloo ndlela zikhuthaza ukuthandwa nokusetyenziswa kweenethiwekhi ezingenazingcingo.

Iteknoloji ye-Wi-Fi (Wireless Fidelity) yiteknoloji ekhuthazwa kakhulu yi-Wi-Fi Alliance. Njengeteknoloji ye-LAN engenazingcingo, isetyenziselwa ukuhanjiswa kwedatha kunye nonxibelelwano phakathi kwezixhobo ze-elektroniki ngokusebenzisa imiqondiso engenazingcingo. Ivumela izixhobo (ezifana neekhompyutha, ii-smartphone, iithebhulethi, izixhobo zasekhaya ezikrelekrele, njl.njl.) ukuba zitshintshiselane ngedatha ngaphakathi koluhlu olulinganiselweyo ngaphandle kwesidingo soqhagamshelo olubonakalayo.

Itekhnoloji ye-Wi-Fi isebenzisa amaza erediyo ukuseka unxibelelwano phakathi kwezixhobo. Olu hlobo lwe-wireless lususa isidingo sonxibelelwano olubonakalayo, luvumela izixhobo ukuba zihambe ngokukhululekileyo ngaphakathi koluhlu ngelixa zigcina unxibelelwano lwenethiwekhi. Itekhnoloji ye-Wi-Fi isebenzisa iibhendi ezahlukeneyo zefrikhwensi ukudlulisa idatha. Iibhendi zefrikhwensi ezisetyenziswa kakhulu ziquka i-2.4GHz kunye ne-5GHz. Ezi bhendi zefrikhwensi zahlulwe zaba ziitshaneli ezininzi apho izixhobo zinokunxibelelana khona.

Isantya sobuchwepheshe be-Wi-Fi sixhomekeke kwibhendi eqhelekileyo kunye ne-frequency. Ngophuhliso oluqhubekayo lobuchwepheshe, isantya se-Wi-Fi siye sanda kancinci kancinci ukusuka kumakhulu okuqala e-Kbps (iikhilobhithi ngomzuzwana) ukuya kwi-Gbps ezininzi zangoku (iigigabits ngomzuzwana). Imigangatho eyahlukeneyo ye-Wi-Fi (efana ne-802.11n, 802.11ac, 802.11ax, njl.njl.) ixhasa amazinga ahlukeneyo okudlulisa aphezulu. Ukongeza, ukudluliselwa kwedatha kukhuselwe ngeenkqubo zokubethela kunye nokhuseleko. Phakathi kwazo, i-WPA2 (i-Wi-Fi Protected Access 2) kunye ne-WPA3 yimigangatho eqhelekileyo yokubethela esetyenziselwa ukukhusela iinethiwekhi ze-Wi-Fi ekufikeleleni okungagunyaziswanga kunye nokubiwa kwedatha.

SIINKQUBO ZOKUQHUBA NOKWAKHA

Umqobo omkhulu ekuphuhlisweni kweenkqubo ze-DC zendlu yonke kukungabikho kwemigangatho ehambelanayo kwihlabathi liphela kunye neekhowudi zokwakha. Iinkqubo zombane zezakhiwo zemveli zihlala zisebenza ngombane otshintshanayo, ngoko ke iinkqubo ze-DC zendlu yonke zifuna iseti entsha yemigangatho kuyilo, ukufakelwa kunye nokusebenza.

Ukungabikho komgangatho kunokubangela ukungahambelani phakathi kweenkqubo ezahlukeneyo, kwandise ubunzima bokukhethwa kwezixhobo nokutshintshwa kwazo, kwaye kunokuthintela ubungakanani bemarike kunye nokwanda kwazo. Ukungabikho kokuziqhelanisa neekhowudi zokwakha nako kuyingxaki, njengoko ishishini lokwakha lihlala lisekelwe kuyilo lwe-AC lwendabuko. Ke ngoko, ukwazisa inkqubo ye-DC yendlu yonke kunokufuna uhlengahlengiso kunye nokuchazwa ngokutsha kweekhowudi zokwakha, okuya kuthatha ixesha kunye nomzamo odibeneyo.

EIINDLEKO EZIQHELEKILEYO NOKUTSHINTSHA ITEKNOLOJI

Ukufakwa kwenkqubo ye-DC yendlu yonke kunokubandakanya iindleko zokuqala eziphezulu, kuquka izixhobo ze-DC eziphucukileyo, iinkqubo zokugcina amandla ebhetri, kunye nezixhobo ezilungiselelwe yi-DC. Ezi ndleko zongezelelweyo zisenokuba sesinye sezizathu zokuba abathengi abaninzi kunye nabaphuhlisi bezakhiwo bathandabuze ukwamkela iinkqubo ze-DC zendlu yonke.

Ukongeza, izixhobo zemveli ze-AC kunye neziseko zophuhliso zivuthiwe kwaye zisasazeke kangangokuba ukutshintshela kwinkqubo ye-DC yendlu yonke kufuna ukuguqulwa kobuchwepheshe obukhulu, okubandakanya ukuyila ngokutsha uyilo lombane, ukutshintsha izixhobo, kunye nokuqeqesha abasebenzi. Olu tshintsho lunokubangela iindleko zotyalo-mali olongezelelweyo kunye nabasebenzi kwizakhiwo ezikhoyo kunye neziseko zophuhliso, ukunciphisa isantya apho iinkqubo ze-DC zendlu yonke zinokusetyenziswa khona.

DUKUFANELEKISANA KWEE-VIC KUNYE NOKUFUMANEKA KWEMARKETHI

Iinkqubo ze-DC zendlu yonke kufuneka zihambelane nezixhobo ezininzi ezikwimarike ukuqinisekisa ukuba izixhobo ezahlukeneyo, izibane kunye nezinye izixhobo ezikwikhaya zinokusebenza kakuhle. Okwangoku, izixhobo ezininzi ezikwimarike zisasebenza kwi-AC, kwaye ukukhuthazwa kweenkqubo ze-DC zendlu yonke kufuna intsebenziswano nabavelisi kunye nabathengisi ukukhuthaza izixhobo ezihambelana ne-DC ezininzi ukuze zingene kwimarike.

Kukwakho nesidingo sokusebenza nababoneleli bamandla kunye neenethiwekhi zombane ukuqinisekisa ukuhlanganiswa okusebenzayo kwamandla avuselelekayo kunye nokunxibelelana neegridi zemveli. Imiba yokuhambelana kwezixhobo kunye nokufikelela kwimarike inokuchaphazela ukusetyenziswa ngokubanzi kweenkqubo zeDC zendlu yonke, nto leyo efuna imvumelwano engakumbi kunye nentsebenziswano kuluhlu lweshishini.

SI-MART kunye neZinzisayo

Enye yeendlela zophuhliso lwexesha elizayo lweenkqubo ze-DC zendlu yonke kukubeka ugxininiso olukhulu kubukrelekrele kunye nokuzinza. Ngokudibanisa iinkqubo zolawulo ezikrelekrele, iinkqubo ze-DC zendlu yonke zinokubeka esweni ngokuchanekileyo kwaye zilawule ukusetyenziswa kwamandla, zivumela amaqhinga olawulo lwamandla alungiselelwe wena. Oku kuthetha ukuba inkqubo inokuzilungelelanisa ngokuguquguqukayo neemfuno zasekhaya, amaxabiso ombane kunye nokufumaneka kwamandla avuselelekayo ukwandisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla kunye nokunciphisa iindleko zamandla.

Kwangaxeshanye, indlela yophuhliso oluzinzileyo lweenkqubo ze-DC zendlu yonke ibandakanya ukuhlanganiswa kwemithombo yamandla evuselelekayo ebanzi, kuquka amandla elanga, amandla omoya, njl.njl., kunye nobuchwepheshe bokugcina amandla obusebenza ngcono. Oku kuya kunceda ekwakheni inkqubo yamandla emakhaya eluhlaza, ekrelekrele nezinzileyo ngakumbi kwaye kukhuthaze uphuhliso lwexesha elizayo lweenkqubo ze-DC zendlu yonke.

SUKUQHUTYWA KWEMITHETHO NOKUSEBENZANA KWEMISHINI

Ukuze kukhuthazwe ukusetyenziswa ngokubanzi kweenkqubo ze-DC zendlu yonke, enye indlela yophuhliso kukuqinisa ukuhambelana kunye nentsebenziswano yezoshishino. Ukuseka imigangatho kunye neenkcukacha ezimanyeneyo kwihlabathi liphela kunokunciphisa iindleko zoyilo lwenkqubo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwayo, kuphucule ukuhambelana kwezixhobo, kwaye ngaloo ndlela kukhuthaze ukwanda kwemarike.

Ukongeza, intsebenziswano kwezoshishino ikwayinto ebalulekileyo ekukhuthazeni uphuhliso lweenkqubo ze-DC zendlu yonke. Abathathi-nxaxheba kuzo zonke iinkalo, kuquka abakhi, iinjineli zombane, abavelisi bezixhobo kunye nababoneleli bamandla, kufuneka basebenzisane ukwenza inkqubo ye-ecosystem yezoshishino epheleleyo. Oku kunceda ekusombululeni ukuhambelana kwezixhobo, ukuphucula uzinzo lwenkqubo, kunye nokuqhuba ubuchule bobuchwepheshe. Ngokusebenzisa umgangatho kunye nentsebenziswano kwezoshishino, iinkqubo ze-DC zendlu yonke kulindeleke ukuba zidityaniswe kakuhle kwizakhiwo eziphambili kunye neenkqubo zamandla kwaye zifezekise usetyenziso olubanzi.

SUMMARY

I-DC yendlu yonke yinkqubo entsha yokusasaza umbane, ngokungafaniyo neenkqubo ze-AC zemveli, esebenzisa umbane we-DC kwisakhiwo sonke, igubungela yonke into ukusuka ekukhanyeni ukuya kwizixhobo ze-elektroniki. Iinkqubo ze-DC zendlu yonke zibonelela ngeenzuzo ezikhethekileyo kuneenkqubo zemveli ngokubhekiselele ekusebenzeni kakuhle kwamandla, ukuhlanganiswa kwamandla avuselelekayo, kunye nokuhambelana kwezixhobo. Okokuqala, ngokunciphisa amanyathelo abandakanyekayo ekuguqulweni kwamandla, iinkqubo ze-DC zendlu yonke zinokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla kwaye zinciphise inkunkuma yamandla. Okwesibini, umbane we-DC kulula ukuwudibanisa nezixhobo zamandla avuselelekayo ezifana neephaneli zelanga, ukubonelela ngesisombululo samandla esizinzileyo kwizakhiwo. Ukongeza, kwizixhobo ezininzi ze-DC, ukwamkela inkqubo ye-DC yendlu yonke kunokunciphisa ilahleko zokuguqulwa kwamandla kwaye kwandise ukusebenza kunye nobomi bezixhobo.

Iindawo zokusetyenziswa kweenkqubo ze-DC zendlu yonke zigubungela amasimi amaninzi, kuquka izakhiwo zokuhlala, izakhiwo zorhwebo, izicelo zoshishino, iinkqubo zamandla avuselelekayo, uthutho lombane, njl. Kwizakhiwo zokuhlala, iinkqubo ze-DC zendlu yonke zingasetyenziselwa ukukhanyisa ngokufanelekileyo kunye nezixhobo, ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla ekhaya. Kwizakhiwo zorhwebo, umbane we-DC wezixhobo zeofisi kunye neenkqubo zokukhanyisa kunceda ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla. Kwicandelo lemizi-mveliso, iinkqubo ze-DC zendlu yonke zinokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla kwezixhobo zomgca wemveliso. Phakathi kweenkqubo zamandla avuselelekayo, iinkqubo ze-DC zendlu yonke kulula ukuzidibanisa nezixhobo ezifana namandla elanga nawomoya. Kwicandelo lothutho lombane, iinkqubo zokusasazwa kwamandla ze-DC zingasetyenziselwa ukutshaja izithuthi zombane ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kokutshaja. Ukwandiswa okuqhubekayo kwezi ndawo zokusetyenziswa kubonisa ukuba iinkqubo ze-DC zendlu yonke ziya kuba lukhetho olufanelekileyo nolusebenzayo kwizakhiwo nakwiinkqubo zombane kwixesha elizayo.

For more information, pls. contact “maria.tian@keliyuanpower.com”.